Key words for GCSE Geography.
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abrasion |
Coastal abrasion is when cliffs are worn away by sand, pebbles and boulders flung by the waves.
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arch |
An arch is a passage eroded into the headland by the waves.
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armour
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Rock armour refers to large boulders placed on the beach as coastal defenses.
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attrition |
Attrition is the type of erosion when boulders and rocks carried by the waves bump into each other and break down.
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bar |
A bar is a land form that occurs when a spit grows across a bay to create a lagoon.
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bay |
Bays are curved gaps in the headland that have been eroded due to softer rock.
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beach |
A beach is a zone made up of eroded material from elsewhere deposited by the sea.
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cave |
A cave is a large hole eroded into a cliff by the waves, caves can eventually become arches.
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chemical |
Chemical weathering is the decomposition of rock caused by chemical change.
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cliff |
A cliff is the sheer rock face formed by erosion and weathering of the coastline.
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corrasion |
Another word for abrasion; corrasion is when cliffs are worn away by sediment carried by the waves.
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deposition |
Deposition is when the sea loses energy and the materials it is carrying are dropped.
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dune |
A dune is a large mound of sand formed by the wind.
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engineering |
Hard engineering refers to the use of concrete and artificial structures in coastal defenses.
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erosion |
Erosion refers to the wearing away and breaking down of material by a moving force.
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gabion |
Gabions are steel wire cages filled with boulders and are used in coastal defences.
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groyne
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A groyne is a wooden barrier placed in the sea to protect against erosion by allowing the beach to grow.
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headlands |
Headlands are formed when the softer rock is eroded inland and the harder rock sticks out towards the sea.
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hydraulic |
Hydraulic power or action is when breaking waves compress air into cracks in a cliff causing the rock to break apart.
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longshore |
Longshore drift is the movement of sediment along a beach caused by the zigzag movement of the waves.
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